Dog owners claim that Nupro Joint Support has strengthened their dog's immune system and helped arthritic conditions and joint pain. It has also improved their pet's appetite and digestion whil increasing alertness and energy. Ester C (300 mg/scoop) boosts the absorption of MSM (300 mg/scoop)and glucosamine complex (500 mg/scoop) and Calcium Citrate. These ingredients promote growth and repair tendons, cartilage and other connective tissues. Other ingredients include Norwegian kelp, ground flaxseed, bee pollen, garlic, and stemed bone meal. Nupro contains no preservatives, sugar fillers, corn, wheat or by-products, it may be mixed with or sprikled on food, or added to water for a great gravy. Initial Daily Directions: Under 5 pounds - 1/4 scoop; 5 to 10 pounds - 1/3 scoop; 10 to 20 pounds - 1/2 scoop; 20 to 40 pounds - 1 scoop (1 ounce); 40 to 70 pounds - 1 1/2 scoops; Over 70 pounds - 2 scoops (2 ounces). After 3 months, these dosages may be cut to one half for maintenance.